Tibyan Journal for Islamic Research and Studies
Tebyan Journal of Islamic Studies is one of the leading peer-reviewed academic platforms published periodically by the Center for Islamic Research and Studies/Bayda. It is dedicated to publishing original research in the field of Islamic studies. The journal is published twice a year and is distributed digitally online, with print copies available upon request. Participation is free of charge, and manuscripts are accepted in both Arabic and English. Vision. To be a distinguished journal and a leading, prestigious platform for publishing original and distinguished Islamic scholarly research and studies in both Arabic and English. It will contribute to enriching knowledge, supporting scholarly libraries, and promoting scientific innovation locally and globally, while adhering to the highest standards of quality and academic integrity. Mission. To provide a reliable academic platform for publishing original, peer-reviewed Islamic research and studies, adhering to professional and ethical standards that contribute to the development of scientific knowledge and its applications, and supporting interaction between researchers and the scientific community to achieve progress and innovation. Objectives. The Tebyan journal generally aims to achieve a primary objective, which is to explore the depths of moderate Islamic religious knowledge. This is embodied in promoting a sound scientific approach in the field of Islamic studies by publishing original scientific research and studies. It also aims to support researchers in this field by providing a new publishing platform that meets the needs of specialized researchers. The journal's objectives can be defined in detail as follows: 1. Publishing original scientific research: Providing a platform for publishing innovative research and studies that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in various scientific fields. Active partnerships with local, Arab, and international universities and academies enrich the research movement in Islamic studies and support contemporary Islamic thought and serious academic activities. 2. Enhancing the quality of scientific research: Adhering to rigorous scientific refereeing standards to ensure the credibility of published Islamic research and studies. 3. Supporting researchers: Providing opportunities for researchers and professionals to publish their work and contribute to the development of their academic careers, and motivating distinguished researchers to contribute to the presentation of in-depth and innovative scientific treatments of contemporary Islamic developments and issues. 4. Promoting Academic Cooperation: Encouraging interaction between researchers and academic institutions to exchange ideas and knowledge and highlight the diversity of knowledge in Islamic heritage through systematic scientific approaches. 5. Serving the Academic Community: Providing academic content that serves both practitioners and decision-makers in the journal's fields of specialization, and providing a platform for publishing original academic research in the field of Islamic sciences, research, and studies. 6. Keeping abreast of scientific developments: Shedding light on modern scientific issues and innovations to meet research and development needs, and attending scientific conferences and seminars in related disciplines. 7. Encouraging Applied Research: Publishing studies that contribute to solving societal problems and applying scientific knowledge to practical life. Scope of Research and Specializations of the Journal 1. Introducing traditional and emerging topics: such as Islamic thought, jurisprudence, the foundations of religion, and cultural history. 2. Highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of knowledge related to society, Sharia, and faith. 3. Approving research contributions that address contemporary issues and scientific cases of academic value. Open Access Policy. The peer-reviewed scientific journal (Tebyan) aims to publish Islamic scientific articles and research in accordance with the controls specified by the journal's publishing regulations. This ensures the quality of the research published and works to disseminate it widely. Therefore, the journal has established an electronic platform based on an open publishing policy that guarantees free access to articles and research through a Creative Commons CC BY-NC license, which guarantees non-commercial use, provided that the researcher and source are credited. Publication and Periodicity. The journal is published regularly at a rate of: • One issue every six months. • It is made available to the public immediately upon completion of the editorial and peer-review procedures.
Authors are the copyright holders and grant Tebyan Journal of Islamic Studies copyright to their works licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC-BY-NC) licenses. This allows others, with acknowledgement of authorship, to quote, remix, and build upon the work noncommercially (for example, by publishing it in a book or posting it in an institutional repository) as long as they acknowledge Tebyan Journal of Islamic Studies' prior publication.
The Purpose-Based Oversight of Islamic Banking: An Analytical and Evaluative Study of the Extent of Realization of the Objectives of Sharia.
This research aims to shed light on the concept of Maqāṣid-based oversight (al-raqāba al-maqāṣidiyya) within Islamic banking operations, considering it a qualitative extension of traditional Sharī‘ah compliance. Unlike standard Sharī‘ah oversight, which primarily ensures formal adherence to legal structures, Maqāṣid-based oversight evaluates the extent to which Islamic financial practices fulfill the higher objectives of Islamic law—such as social justice, economic development, and the prevention of exploitation. The study is grounded in a central problem: the apparent insufficiency of formal Sharī‘ah compliance in achieving these overarching goals, particularly in light of contemporary economic and social challenges. It questions whether the current model of Islamic banking is genuinely distinct from conventional finance or merely mimics its structure with symbolic adjustments. This research highlights the importance of adopting a Maqāṣid-oriented supervisory approach—one that focuses on the real-world impacts and outcomes of Islamic financial products rather than their mere conformity with recognized contractual forms. To address this issue, the research employed multiple methodologies, including analytical-evaluative, descriptive, and inductive approaches. The study is structured into two main sections: the first explores the theoretical foundations of Maqāṣid-based oversight, including its role in guiding financial policy and the challenges to its implementation; the second proposes practical criteria and mechanisms to enhance Sharī‘ah oversight by incorporating Maqāṣid considerations. The research concludes that activating Maqāṣid-based oversight is no longer a theoretical luxury, but rather an institutional and reformative necessity to preserve the integrity and distinctiveness of Islamic finance. It emphasizes the urgent need to restructure Sharī‘ah supervisory boards to integrate systematic Maqāṣid evaluation. The study concludes with practical recommendations, including the establishment of an independent Maqāṣid oversight authority, the review of existing financial products, and the incorporation of Maqāṣid dimensions into the standards of prominent Sharī‘ah-governing bodies such as AAOIFI.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Extent of Islamic Banks' Compliance with Disclosure Requirements in the Islamic Banks Governance Guide issued by the Central Bank of Libya. (A Case Study of the Libyan Islamic Bank – Benghazi)
The study aimed to demonstrate the extent to which Islamic banks in Libya comply with the disclosure requirements outlined in the Islamic Banks Governance Guide issued by the Central Bank of Libya. To achieve this goal, the study relied on the deductive-inductive approach, as it suits the topic and depends on collecting data and information that help describe the theoretical basis and derive the study's questions. The study population consisted of the Libyan Islamic Bank – Benghazi branch, and the study sample included all employees in the finance departments, accounting, auditing offices, and Sharia auditing offices. A questionnaire was used to study the variables, with 22 questionnaires distributed to cover the entire sample as a tool to collect primary data related to the study topic. The data were then processed and analyzed using the statistical software (SPSS), with appropriate statistical tests and treatments applied to reach meaningful conclusions supporting the study's topic. The study showed an overall positive trend towards the Libyan Islamic Bank’s commitment to the disclosure and transparency requirements outlined in the Islamic Banks Governance Guide issued by the Central Bank of Libya. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is that the bank's senior management should increase focus on the level of commitment to applying the disclosure and transparency principles issued by the Central Bank of Libya.
Corporate Governance of Islamic Banks in Libyan Financial Institutions
Corporate governance is a fundamental pillar for ensuring the stability of Islamic banks and mitigating risks. In Libya, Islamic banking has gained increasing significance since 2012, prompting the Central Bank of Libya to issue regulatory guidelines to enhance governance, most notably the 2023 Governance Guide for Islamic Banks. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing corporate governance in Libyan Islamic banks and identify existing gaps. The findings indicate a notable development in governance regulations; however, challenges in implementation remain. The study recommends strengthening oversight and enforcement mechanisms to ensure governance objectives are fully achieved
Islamic Banking in Libya: Towards Activating the Objectives of Sharia through Enabling Technological Transformation via Financial Technology (FinTech).
Islamic banking in Libya is experiencing a complex and delicate reality due to the accelerating pace of digital transformations. This situation requires institutions operating in this field to undertake deep methodological reviews of their legal and operational frameworks. This research examines the opportunities and implications of adopting financial technology (FinTech), not only as a tool to enhance performance, efficiency, and innovation, but also as a means to fulfill the higher objectives of Shariah upon which Islamic banks were founded—such as justice, good governance, transparency, and financial inclusion. The study aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges facing the digital transformation of Islamic banks, while seeking to achieve harmony between Shariah compliance standards and FinTech applications. It also provides an overview of international experiences from which valuable insights can be drawn. Furthermore, the research offers a set of constructive recommendations, including the need to review the legislative frameworks governing Islamic banking in order to accommodate digital transformation, and the importance of supporting innovations in Shariah-compliant digital financial products. In doing so, this study proposes a balanced outlook for fostering innovation in digital technologies that remain aligned with Islamic jurisprudential principles, thereby ensuring the renewal and development of Islamic banking in Libya within the context of rapid digital change.
The Role of Financial Technology Innovations in Enhancing the Capacity and Efficiency of Islamic Banks.
This research provides a detailed analysis of the role of Islamic financial technology innovations in enhancing the capacity and efficiency of Islamic banks. The study reviews the concept and significance of financial technology and Islamic financial technology, emphasizing the importance of integrating technology with Sharia principles to deliver ethical and innovative financial services, such as digital payments, Islamic crowdfunding, Sharia-compliant robo-advisors, Takaful (Islamic insurance) technologies, regulatory compliance technologies, digital assets, and Islamic decentralized finance. The study uses descriptive and analytical methods to discuss how financial technology contributes to the enhancement of Islamic banks’ capabilities by expanding their customer base, providing new and diverse products and services, and improving the efficiency of Islamic banking operations through cost reduction, process acceleration, and risk management improvement. Furthermore, the research identifies leading countries in the adoption and application of financial technology within the Islamic banking sector, including Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Iran. It presents examples of fintech innovations in these countries and their impacts. In addition, the study addresses challenges faced by Islamic banks in adopting financial technology, such as ensuring Sharia compliance, the lack of unified interpretations, regulatory ambiguity, and cybersecurity risks, and provides suggestions on how to overcome these challenges. In conclusion, the study presents a set of findings and recommendations for Islamic banks, regulatory authorities, governments, and the industry as a whole to promote the adoption of Islamic financial technology in order to achieve growth, financial inclusion, and the provision of innovative and ethical financial solutions.
Employing Artificial Intelligence in Serving Islamic Financial and Banking Fatwas A Case Study of the Bahrain Islamic Bank and Its Practical Experience
This study explores the potential of employing artificial intelligence (AI) to serve Islamic financial and banking fatwas through an analytical examination of the experience of the Bahrain Islamic Bank. The research focuses on the significance of utilizing AI to accelerate the process of issuing fatwas while ensuring their accuracy and reliability, highlighting the technical and Sharia-related challenges encountered during the project. The study adopts a **case study approach**, analyzing the Bahrain Islamic Bank’s experience in integrating AI technologies to support Sharia-compliant fatwas. It reviews the developmental stages of the system, beginning with a simple chatbot prototype on Telegram, evolving into a more comprehensive infrastructure utilizing advanced technologies such as **Large Language Models (LLMs)**, **Lang Chain**, and **Chroma DB**, and ultimately reaching an independent system linked to verified and authoritative sources. The results indicate that the system, in its second phase, demonstrated a significant improvement in processing inquiries with greater accuracy and speed, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and enabling continuous access to fatwas through smart devices. However, the project faced several technical, linguistic, and financial challenges, including difficulties in Arabic text processing, lack of full autonomy, and the high operational and migration costs associated with developing a fully independent system. These findings underscore the need for continuous evaluation, systematic development, and specialized oversight to ensure the accuracy and reliability of outcomes. The study concludes with key recommendations, including improving natural language processing (NLP) for Arabic, coordinating with relevant authorities to provide reliable electronic sources, and developing an independent system to reduce reliance on public AI platforms.
The Impact of Islamic Financial Technology (FinTech) Applications on Supporting Digital Transformation in Islamic Banks: 'A Case Study of Al Yaqeen Bank'
This study aimed to highlight the impact of Islamic financial technology (FinTech) applications on supporting digital transformation in Islamic banks, with a focus on the case study of Yaqeen Bank. To achieve this objective, the relevant theoretical literature on Islamic FinTech was reviewed, in addition to presenting some pioneering experiences in this field, which contributed to strengthening the theoretical framework of the study and clarifying the research gap. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology, whereby a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a sample of employees and officials of Yaqeen Bank in the Tripoli and Zliten branches. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program. The central research problem revolved around the following main question: What is the impact of Islamic financial technology applications on achieving digital transformation in Libyan Islamic banks? To address this question, the study was guided by the following main hypothesis: There is no statistically significant effect at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05) of Islamic financial technology applications on digital transformation in Islamic banks. The findings revealed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the adoption of Islamic financial technology applications and digital transformation in Libyan Islamic banks, indicating that these applications effectively contribute to improving operational efficiency, developing banking services, and enhancing competitiveness. The study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which are: Strengthening the efforts of Islamic banks in Libya to reduce reliance on traditional manual systems. Accelerating the transition towards digital automation through investment in Sharia-compliant FinTech applications. Developing the technological infrastructure to support the sustainability of digital transformation
The future of Islamic finance product development from problematic to disciplined.
The study examines the Ju‘ālah contract as one of the flexible instruments of Islamic finance that can be utilized by Islamic banks to meet the needs of individuals and institutions, with a particular focus on its application within Libyan banks. Despite its significant jurisprudential and operational advantages, Libyan Islamic banks have not yet adopted Ju‘ālah as part of their financing products. The study aims to identify the obstacles and challenges that hinder the adoption of this financing tool, which include sharia-related, legal, regulatory, administrative, and social dimensions.
Obstacles to Implementing the Commission-Based Reward System in Libyan Banks. "A Descriptive Study of Banks Operating in the Eastern Region"
The study examines the Ju‘ālah contract as one of the flexible instruments of Islamic finance that can be utilized by Islamic banks to meet the needs of individuals and institutions, with a particular focus on its application within Libyan banks. Despite its significant jurisprudential and operational advantages, Libyan Islamic banks have not yet adopted Ju‘ālah as part of their financing products. The study aims to identify the obstacles and challenges that hinder the adoption of this financing tool, which include sharia-related, legal, regulatory, administrative, and social dimensions. The researcher adopted a quantitative methodology, employing a questionnaire distributed to a sample of employees and banking executives across several Libyan banks. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software. The findings revealed a notable lack of awareness and understanding of the Ju‘ālah contract, as well as insufficient legislative and regulatory support from the Central Bank of Libya. Additionally, the study identified a shortage of qualified personnel and weaknesses in electronic systems that facilitate the implementation of such contracts. The study concludes that the Ju‘ālah contract has the potential to diversify Islamic financing products and enhance banking performance, provided that a supportive regulatory and legal environment is established. It further recommends the development of sharia and administrative guidelines for implementing Ju‘ālah, integrating it into the Islamic financing policies of Libyan banks, developing human capital, and strengthening coordination between sharia supervisory boards and the Central Bank of Libya.
The Potential and Challenges of Islamic Bank Financing for Startups through Business Incubators in the Libyan Environment: An Exploration of Challenges and Implementation Prospects
This study emerged from the critical challenges faced by the entrepreneurial sector and startups in Libya, particularly their difficulty in accessing traditional Islamic bank financing due to their high-risk nature, lack of tangible collateral, and absence of financial records. Consequently, the research aimed to achieve a primary objective: designing an innovative developmental financing model to enable Islamic banks to play a pivotal role in supporting entrepreneurship. The study adopted a multi-faceted methodology, combining a descriptive-analytical approach to review the theoretical framework and current reality, a deductive-inductive approach to construct the proposed model, and qualitative analysis of data from in-depth interviews with specialists. The findings revealed the limited current role of Islamic banks in Libya in this domain, while also highlighting significant potential for implementing the proposed model, despite existing legislative, institutional, and Sharia-related challenges. The innovative model revolves around integrating Islamic banks with business incubators, supported by the establishment of a national coordination body and a financing guarantee entity. In this model, the bank transitions from a traditional financier to a "developer of investment opportunities," preparing feasibility studies and announcing ready-made opportunities to qualified implementers, thereby mitigating risks and increasing success rates. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, most notably: establishing a supportive legal framework, restructuring financing products based on partnership, adopting a strategic partnership model with incubators, and investing in human capacity building to ensure the successful implementation and developmental impact of this model.
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)
The Potential of Islamic Finance Instruments in Addressing the Cash Liquidity Problem in Libya. (A Prospective Study)
This research aims to examine the Islamic financing methods that can be utilized to address the liquidity crisis in the Libyan banking sector. It also seeks to identify the effectiveness of Islamic financial instruments in attracting liquidity and channeling it toward stimulating the Libyan economy. The researchers adopted both the descriptive-analytical and exploratory methodologies in conducting this study. The study reached several key findings, the most important of which is that activating Islamic financial instruments represents an appropriate option for the Libyan context, particularly given their proven success in other Islamic countries. The study further concluded that Islamic sukuk constitute one of the main financing tools for providing liquidity within the banking sector. Moreover, the study presented several recommendations, including the development of modern Islamic banking products to attract savings; the integration of the informal economy into the formal economic cycle through tax incentives and regulatory measures; restoring public confidence in the banking system by ensuring deposit guarantees and regular liquidity provision; and the activation of the Libyan capital market through establishing a special platform for trading Islamic sukuk.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUDARABA SUKUKS AS A TOOL FOR FINANCING SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES SMES
Small and medium enterprises SMEs, play an important role in modern economies, and this role appears clearly in developed countries, where they represent the backbone of the economy, and the basis for its growth as it contributes to production, employment and social stability. However, these projects suffer from a set of problems in developing countries, including Libya, and among the most prominent of these financing problems due to the weakness and small structure of these projects and the lack of guarantees they provide in order to obtain financing or borrowing. The study used the descriptive analytical approach through what was dealt with in the recent literature in the field of Islamic economics and marketing, and reached a number of results: Mudaraba financing is a genuine investment tool that eliminates the embarrassment caused by dealing with interest. The most appropriate Islamic financing formula for small and medium-sized enterprises is "participation formulas." The study demonstrated the critical importance of small and medium-sized enterprises in economic and social development. The study also recommended that the National Program for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, in cooperation with Libyan banks, seek to offer a less costly and risky financing alternative for small and medium-sized enterprises. This product, the beneficial and absolute Islamic Mudaraba Sukuk, is a participatory Islamic financing tool that allows for the mobilization of private sector and individual savings, and the public sector's contribution to financing these projects.
(Specific Participation) A developed Islamic partnership contract format.
Islamic banking has become one of the most important modern banking systems. Sharia scholars and Islamic economists are continuously striving to develop this industry, seeking solutions and formulas that are compatible with the provisions of Islamic Sharia, on the one hand, and meet modern banking and economic needs, on the other. However, it has become clear that most of the formulas used by Islamic banks and some conventional banks, particularly debt formulas, face numerous challenges and criticisms. The most important of these is that there is still a legal difference and a multiplicity of jurisprudential opinions regarding the permissibility of usury in these formulas. This is despite the fact that all Islamic banks focus and rely primarily on them, as they are less risky, short-term, and offer guaranteed profitability. As for some other basic formulas, including Musharaka and Mudharabah, although they are rooted in Sharia, they face practical implementation of modern banking. It is well known that Islamic banking is based on the Shari'a principle of "profit is equal to loss" (الغنم بالغرم) and "tax is equal to guarantee""الخراج بالضمان. This principle is embodied in a practical, effective, and clear manner in the Musharaka formula and its various branches, as well as in absolute Mudaraba and restricted Mudaraba, given their direct and actual connection to real economic activity. However, these formulas (Musharaka and Mudaraba) are not largely compatible with the nature and basis of the work of conventional banks, which dominate the global economy in one way or another, and face numerous implementation difficulties. The research proposes a new and advanced idea for a Musharaka formula based on the "Anan" partnership, which the researcher calls "Musharaka Mohadada." This formula overcomes operational and practical problems by participating in implementing traditional banking requirements in accordance with Shari'a rules and regulations. The basis for using Specified Musharaka lies in ensuring the absence of the primary prohibitive element (usury) in transactions by undermining the foundations of usury or unlawful interest. This is the same foundation for the use of interest rates in modern banking transactions.
Islamic Finance in Libyan Commercial Banks and its Role in Promoting Financial Inclusion (A Field Study of Commercial Banks Operating in Sirte).
This study seeks to examine the crucial role of Islamic finance in advancing financial inclusion by offering Sharia-compliant financial products and services that promote the integration of various segments of society into the financial system, thereby improving their standard of living. To strengthen the theoretical framework, the study focused on the evolution, characteristics, and concept of Islamic finance, as well as the significance of financial inclusion and the indicators used to measure it, Within the analytical framework, a descriptive and analytical methodology was adopted to explore the role of Islamic finance and assess its contribution to enhancing financial inclusion. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to a purposive sample of clients from commercial banks in the city of Sirte. The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods through the SPSS program, The findings revealed a strong and positive relationship between Islamic finance and all dimensions of financial inclusion—namely quality, usage, and accessibility. Islamic finance plays an effective role in improving the quality of banking services, enabling clients to utilize them, and facilitating access, particularly for financially marginalized groups, The study recommended increasing public awareness and financial education campaigns about Islamic financial products and further simplifying the procedures associated with these products to achieve broader and more effective financial inclusion
Monetary policy tools and excess money supply in an interest-free economy: The case of Libyan monetary policy.
This research paper addresses the problem of identifying a set of monetary policy instruments in an economy devoid of interest rates, as well as the issue of the existence or absence of an excess money supply. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach regarding monetary policy instruments, while a quantitative analytical methodology is employed to estimate the existence or absence of excess money supply. The study concludes that the absence of an interest rate in the Libyan economy has no significant impact, as it has never been effective in any previous period—evidenced by the long-standing stability of the rediscount rate. Furthermore, the study identifies approximately fifteen tools or instruments that can be utilized to influence monetary policy. The findings also reveal the presence of a substantial excess in the money supply, estimated at about 74%, and emphasize the need to eliminate this surplus to move forward under a sound monetary policy framework that adopts the identified instruments—a mix of traditional tools known in conventional banking systems and innovative instruments consistent with Islamic banking principles.
The Challenge of Converting Conventional Banks to Islamic Banks in Libya: A Comparison Between the Requirements of Islamic Banking and Libyan Legislation.
Traditional banking into Islamic banking in Libya through an approach that requires the availability of Islamic and Libyan legislation, in light of the controversy over the nature and regulation of Libyan banking between total and partial transformation or a dual system. The research aims to analyze the framework of the transformation, focusing on the Law No. (1) Final of 2013 Prohibiting Usury Transactions and its amendments pursuant to Law No. (35) Final of 2023, which allowed the law prohibiting usurious transactions despite the provision prohibiting usurious transactions. The research concluded that the real transformation to the Islamic system in Libya is still partial, as it is institutional, and requires the completion of the Sharia, legal and regulatory requirements in order to be able to fully meet the standards of Islamic banking
Libyan Law No. (6) of 2022: Towards a legislative bridge that supports Islamic banking in accordance with Sharia standard No. (38) AAOIFI.
This study examined the extent to which Libyan Law No. (6) of 2022 on electronic transactions aligns with Shari’ah Standard No. 38 issued by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), which pertains to online financial transactions. The study aims to contribute to the development of a legal digital environment compliant with Islamic Shari’ah. The study relied on the descriptive-analytical and comparative methodologies, using textual analysis as a tool to extract and analyze legal and Shari’ah rulings. The “study sample” consisted of the text of Libyan Law No. (6) of 2022 and Shari’ah Standard No. 38, as they represent the primary methodological frameworks of the study and comparison. The introductory chapter was dedicated to presenting the basic concepts of Islamic banks and electronic contracts. The first chapter analyzed the Libyan law and Shari’ah Standard No. 38, followed by the second chapter, which focused on comparing the law with the Shari’ah standard, identifying areas of convergence and divergence, and highlighting legislative gaps that hinder full compliance between the law and Shari’ah regulations. The study revealed positive intersections, particularly regarding the validity of electronic contracts and consumer protection, while also identifying shortcomings in areas such as delivery (al-qabd), legal capacity, and data protection. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, most notably amending certain provisions of the law, adopting modern standards for data protection against cyber threats, and enhancing coordination between legislative and Shari’ah authorities to serve the development of Islamic digital banking.
Expected effects of joining the World Trade Organization on the Islamic banking sector in Libya
The study primarily aimed to highlight the nature and economic impacts expected from joining Libya to the World Trade Organization and implementing the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)—specifically its provisions on financial services—- on the Islamic banking sector in Libya. The study concluded that the net positive or negative effects are largely dependent on the effective use of the period preceding and following the accession for reforming the banking sector, alongside managing the controlled, gradual exposure of this sector to foreign competition. Besides to that it depends on selecting the most appropriate alternatives for the expected implementation of GATS. In this context, the alternative of controlled openness of the banking sector to foreign competition was chosen due to its advantages over other alternatives.
GATS - General Agreement on Trade in Services
The impact of debts resulting from the application of Law No. 1 of 2013 regarding the prohibition of dealing with usurious interest on the performance of Libyan banks: an analytical study
The application of Law No. 1 of 2013 on the suspension of usurious transactions in the Libyan banking system and working in accordance with the provisions of Islamic Sharia resulted in debts on banks for the period prior to the issuance of the law, which requires legal and economic treatments, on the legal side, how do Sharia provisions regulate the effects of the application of this law, while on the economic side, how do debts resulting from stopping usurious transactions affect the financial performance of the Libyan banking sector. This study aims to identify and discuss illegitimate debts that It resulted from the application of Law No. 1 of 2013 on stopping usurious transactions and switching towards Islamic banking and measuring the extent of its impact on the financial performance of Libyan banks, and how to address them legally. The study found that although many of the Sharia treatments that were developed to address debts before switching to the Islamic banking system, on the economic side, Libyan banks lack financial and accounting mechanisms to translate Sharia treatments into practical solutions that comply with the controls of Islamic Sharia, and the study also found that illegal debts resulting from the law of stopping usurious transactions significantly affect the financial performance of Libyan banks, as the rate of profitability of banks in Libya decreased as a result of the application of the law. Debts owed to the bank have a greater impact on financial performance than debts owed by the bank.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluating bank performance using the SCAMEL model: A case study on the National Commercial Bank.
The study aims to introduce a proposed evaluation model SCAMEL for assessing the performance of the banking sector, with a case study of the National Commercial Bank. This model incorporates a Shariah compliance indicator into the traditional CAMEL framework. The research problem that consists of in the limitations of conventional performance evaluation systems, which fail to adequately assess the Shariah compliance of Islamic financing tools. To address this, the study adopts a descriptive and deductive approach to collect and analyze the financial data related to the SCAMEL model as applied to the National Commercial Bank for the years 2022 to 2024. In addition to financial indicators, the study employs a survey to evaluate the bank’s Shariah compliance based on the standards of the Shariah Supervisory Board of the Central Bank of Libya. The study concludes that the National Commercial Bank demonstrates weaknesses across several SCAMEL indicators. One of the key recommendations is for the Central Bank to promote the adoption of a localized classification model for assessing the performance of commercial banks.
Islamic Banking in Libya Challenges and Ways to Address Them
This research aims to study the challenges facing Islamic banking in Libya and shed Light on ways to address them, which would contribute to the development of the banking sector and enhance its role in the national economy, the study adopted a descriptive approach to describe the reality of Islamic banking in Libya and used the historical approach to clarify the emergence and development of Islamic banking, the research also relied on the analysis of secondary sources as the main tool for data collection, the study concluded that the most important challenges lie in the weakness of the legislative environment, the lack of specialized cadres, Excessive reliance on the Islamic murabaha formula, and the weakness of the banking technological infrastructure, the study recommended the need to diversify Islamic financing tools and enhance training and sharia supervision.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reham Bashir Glissa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Alfuqaha' wa Almuhdithun in Tripoli and Barqa from the Islamic conquest until the settlement of Banu Salim in them (22 AH / 450 AH).
Although the religious aspect was one of the most important aspects that received the attention of the people of Tripoli and Barqa, we cannot say that religious life in the country was on par with the major religious centers in the west, as Kairouan and Fez, or the East as Cairo and Baghdad. It also does not mean that the country lacked prominent scholars in this field, even if it was weak, despite the scholars it had and the treasures of religious sciences they provided, which should not be underestimated.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdulbasit Abdulrabbuh Muhammad Idris (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Noble Companion Ruwaifi' bin Thabit al-Ansari: An Imam and a Narrator." The Islamic conquests during the reign of the Umayyad Caliphate (41-132 AH / 662-750 AD) began with organized campaigns, starting from the era of Muawiyah bin AbiSufyan, with a gr
The Noble Companion Ruwaifi' bin Thabit al-Ansari: An Imam and a Narrator." The Islamic conquests during the reign of the Umayyad Caliphate (41-132 AH / 662-750 AD) began with organized campaigns, starting from the era of Muawiyah bin AbiSufyan, with a great deal of determination and insistence on raising the banner of monotheism in Africa and further west. Successive military campaigns were launched towards the Maghreb countries, involving some of the finest Islamic figures whose feet honored the Libyan lands. Among these distinguished warriors was the valiant knight "Ruwaifi' bin Thabit al-Ansari" (the subject of the research). Libya, in this region, was the gateway to that glory because it served as the connecting link between the Levant, Egypt, and the Maghreb countries. During this critical period, Barqa and Tripoli saw the succession of several governors, some of whom were companions and followers. Among them was "Muawiyah bin Hudayj al-Sakuni," who, in turn, appointed the noble companion "Ruwaifi' bin Thabit al-Ansari" as the governor of Tripoli in the year 46 AH (667 AD). He became a model in leadership and guidance, credited – after Allah – with raising the banner of Islam for the first time on the island of Jerba in the year 47 AH (667-668 AD). During this time, he taught his knights and soldiers lessons in wise leadership, guiding, advising, warning, and commanding them, in accordance with what he directly heard from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) due to his companionship with him. This noble companion was confirmed to have narrated numerous prophetic hadiths, addressing important topics related to a Muslim’s faith and creed, including the ethics of warfare in Islam. This reflects the noble values of our pure religion and refutes the biased views that aim to distort the image of Islam and Muslims, depicting them as Arabs thirsty for killing, loot, and enslavement! Additionally, the research will cover other hadiths concerning the economy and financial transactions, scrutinizing them in terms of subject matter, chain of narration, and variations in the narrations. The study relies on texts from historical and legal sources, highlighting the overlooked historical achievements of this companion and the profound implications of his hadith narrations, along with some appendices related to the research, conclusions, and recommendations. And Allah is the grantor of success.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zainab Abdullah Ahmed Karir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Al-faqeih Talking: Douleg Bin Ahmed Al-Sagzy Sheikh Al-Hadith (260-351.AH/874-962.AD)
This study aims to highlight one of the scholars of the Islamic nation, and an illuminator of of darkness, namely Imam Daalaj Ibn Ahmed Al-Sajzi, since it sheds light on the impact of the sheikh of jurists, and the imam of hadith scholars in his time, in enriching scientific life in many Islamic cultural centers, especially the city of Baghdad, and his support of scholars through his endowments that he allocated to them. The study achieves so by shedding light on his trips to such centers, so he had an important role in the flourishing of the study of Hadith, concerning both classification and teaching. All students who were aspiring scholars at this time in the Islamic world realized Daalaj's professorship, and the loftiness of his position in the science of Hadith and jurisprudence (Fiqh), therefore they gathered around him to learn from him. In this study I have enlisted the names of many of his sheikhs, and his students who were influenced by him in their scientific formation, which qualified some of them to become the most prominent sheikhs of jurisprudence and hadith. The study came in seven sections, the first one to introduce Da'laj Ibn Ahmed Al-Sajzi. The second one discusses his upbringing in Sistan. The third discusses his wealth. The fourth is devoted to talking about his sheikhs. The fifth deals with his trips to cultural centers. The sixth is devoted to his impact on scientific and cultural life. Finally, the seventh section is for talking about his death and the confiscation of his money. The study concludes with a number of results, including: Da'laj's birth in the city of Zaranj, the largest center of Sistan. It also shows that he did not limit himself to obtain knowledge from the sheikhs of the Shafi'i school only, but also took from the sheikhs of the Hanafi and Maliki schools. As a result of that, he became a sheikh of hadith scholars and jurists in the Islamic world, as he was contemporary to many kings and princes of the countries he passed through. Through analyzing some texts that were written in the books of biographies, and literary and historical sources, it was shown that he was one of the most influential hadith scholars in the scientific life in the Islamic East, especially in the field of Hadith, as his works and studies benefited many scholars of his time as well as his students. The study proved that Dalaaj is considered to be a basic reference and a source that scholars and students refers back to in their studies related to religious sciences. Moreover his scientific approach related to proofreading and classification was one of the most important factors in establishing the science of Hadith terminology, as he was very careful and accurate about Isnād (chain of transmitters) and Matn (the text), concerning acceptance and rejection, and what follows that in terms of the method of narration, performance and control; therefore, students gathered around him.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed Saeed Abd Rabbo Abdalrahman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The condition of Israel bin Yunus Al-Subaie in the novel.
The research deals with an explanation of the situation of one of the narrators of the hadith in whom there is disagreement between the imams of criticism in terms of distortion and modification. It is an application process for the rules drawn up by the imams of hadith for dealing with those whose sayings of the imams of criticism contradict each other in terms of distortion and modification. The research proceeded in its presentation on dividing the sayings of the imams of criticism according to their approaches to strict. Moderate and lenient, and coming up with a summary for the adherents of each approach, then the general conclusion for the imams of criticism in general, as I mentioned. Then there are the sayings of the late imams of criticism. The research concluded that Israel ibn Yunus is one of the trustworthy narrators
Copyright (c) 2024 Fathi Saad Al-Saleheen Muhammad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Arabic Language and Its Relation to Identity, and Building of Knowledge Society
This research aims to focus on the importance of language in relation to identity and to discuss the ways in which our Arabic language can engage in the new knowledge society. The research seeks to clarify the means to achieve this and to overcome the obstacles facing it. Therefore, an inductive and descriptive approach was followed to collect and analyse data. Upon completion of this study, I was certain of important facts and reached conclusions, the most prominent of which is that language is identity itself, and there is no identity for us without our Arabic language. Our language has a unique position among languages; it is a global language capable of keeping pace with the times, a language of education and research with its distinctive characteristics. With it, we will enter the knowledge society, which is charged with informational interaction, the society of innovation and development that we aspire to.
Copyright (c) 2024 Omar Abdullah Al-Darwish (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Political Orientalism and the Westernization of Islamic thought.
This study attempted to show the negative impact that Orientalism had, especially on its political wing, and the extent of its impact on the Arab citizen in the absence of a solid religious base, which Orientalism played an important role in destabilizing and trying to eliminate. As it is known, Orientalism represented an intellectual wing that penetrated greatly into Oriental studies in a way In general, and in Islamic studies in a more specific way, he tried through this incursion to infuse the spirit of his Western civilization to replace Islamic cultural thought, according to the retrospective historical approach and the descriptive analytical approach. This study was divided into two sections: The first was Orientalism, the intellectual wing of the Western invasion, and the second was Orientalism and the Caliphate, and its role in fragmentation, exclusion, and spreading the alternative. One of its results was that Orientalism found in the political aspect a means by which to achieve its goals. It criticized Islamic political thought for the purpose of fragmenting it and putting the alternative in its place.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mahmoud Abdelrazek Hassan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A book: summary of the traveler’s guidance to the four doctrines of thought regarding rituals. The Obligations of Tawaf. by Abdul Waȟab bin Ahmed Al-Shinwani. (study and verification)
With the grace of God Almighty, we have been able to accomplish this work, which is to investigate the topic of “The Obligations of Tawaf” in a brief book, “summary of the traveler’s guidance to the four doctrines of thought regarding rituals. The Obligations of Tawaf.,” by Imam (Abdul Waȟab bin Ahmed Al-Shinwani) (study and verification), and we have shown through the introduction the importance of verification such texts and the approach followed. In the verification, this research includes seven topics, which are: The first requirement: purity, the second requirement is covering the private parts, the third requirement is intention, the fourth requirement is order, the fifth requirement is completing seven circumambulations, the sixth requirement is circumambulation inside the mosque, and the seventh requirement is that the circumambulation be outside the Hijr and Shazrawan. Then we prepared a conclusion for the research, which included the most important results and recommendations for benefiting from them, and concluded by recommending that science students complete the investigation of the rest of the manuscript because of its importance in this section.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sulaiman Abdullah Al-Hunaid Ali, Musa Muhammad Abdullah Khanfar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Imam Malik and his approach to interpretation through his book Al-Muwatta.
Imam Malik - may God have mercy on him - took care of the interpretation, so he interpreted the Qur’an with the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the sayings of the Companions, with his commitment to the narration and the chain of transmission, and his interpretation was distinguished by extrapolation and tracking of the corresponding verses in the subject and of the evidence and effects in the one jurisprudential issue, and by objective interpretation, and investigation of the correctness, And with realism in interpretation, and originality in following, his interpretation came to a great degree of accuracy, precision, and scientific and methodological value; therefore, it was important to know his method of interpretation, and this is what this study aimed for, in which he used the comparative analytical inductive method, by following His sayings in the interpretation, extrapolation of his effects in his book Al-Muwatta, and their study and analysis to clarify his approach, and as for the results of the study, it showed that the Imam - may God have mercy on him - followed a tight approach in interpretation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Tahani Salama Hassan Salama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The research dealt with the issue of religious freedom in Islam, explaining the great concern that the Islamic religion attached to freedom of religion or belief, as it considered it the first human right to prove the description of a person Islam? This research is considered one of the types of theoretical research that adopts the historical method as a scientific method in order to reach the required results. The most appropriate faith is complete without it on the basis that what is not an obligation without it is also a duty, as it appears clearly from the verses of the Holy Qur’an and the purified Sunnah of the Prophet that the Islamic religion, based on confidence in the sincerity of the call, the preponderance of the scale, the integrity of the message, the clarity of the argument, and the completeness of the evidence, does not compel anyone to enter into his belief or Belief in his call was not recorded in the history of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, may God be pleased with them, forcing the People of the Book to embrace the Islamic religion. Rather, they preserved their rights for them in return for paying tribute In exchange for performing the tribute they have. The research concluded the importance of continuous work on research in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet to clarify the emerging contemporary issues
Copyright (c) 2023 Mohammed Saleh Hassan Abdelhamid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0